Which type of joint provides the greatest range of motion?

The ball-and-socket joint is the type of joint that provides the greatest range of motion. This is due to its unique structure, where the spherical head of one bone fits into the rounded cavity of another bone, allowing for movement in multiple directions. This configuration enables a wide range of motion, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.

The versatility of ball-and-socket joints is exemplified in the human body by the shoulder and hip joints. These joints allow for extensive movement, performing complex and multi-axial motions that are crucial for various activities, from throwing a ball to performing a split. The depth of the socket and the spherical shape of the head work together to create a stable yet mobile joint, making it the most adaptable joint type for achieving a wide range of movements.